Health

ML applications in healthcare — clinical decision support, patient risk stratification, medical imaging, and operational efficiency. Highest-stakes ML domain with severe regulatory requirements (MHRA/FDA, HIPAA, GDPR) and direct patient safety implications.

Regulatory context: UK: MHRA SaMD (Software as a Medical Device) guidelines, NHS AI and Data Governance Framework. US: FDA SaMD, HIPAA, 21st Century Cures Act. EU: MDR, GDPR Article 9 (special category health data).

Notes